SAM/AAA.

This is coolbert:

Within context of the apparent deployment of Russian Pantsir anti-aircraft system [can engage targets with either missiles or guns] to Moscow consider the explanation courtesy the Russian controlled [?] Internet media outlet "South Front".

"WHY IS RUSSIA EXPANDING SHORT-RANGE AIR DEFENSES [SHORAD] AROUND MOSCOW?"

From "South Front" the article by Drago Bosnic | 24.01.2023.

"While Moscow is protected by one of the world’s best air defense networks capable of shooting down ICBMs, incoming MIRV warheads, satellites and other space-based weapons, this doesn’t make it immune to sabotage attacks involving drones and drone swarms."

"Air defense is one of the key modern military capabilities that provide adequate protection for ground units, helping them retain their combat capabilities. In recent decades, these systems have become increasingly networked and multilayered, giving the defenders a plethora of options to shoot down hostile jets, missiles, drones, etc. More recently, modern militaries have started relying on swarms of well-coordinated drones designed to saturate an area and overwhelm existing air defenses. Only a handful of countries have developed and battle-tested systems against such new offensive weapons."

THE RUSSIAN NOW FEARS UKRAINIAN KAMIKAZE DRONE ATTACK? DOES UKRAINE EVEN HAVE SUCH A CAPABILITY?

About four-hundred miles [640 km.] from Kharkiv to Moscow. The Ukrainian currently has no drone in the inventory to make a flight of such a distance, even if one-way? Bayraktar for instance has a range of about 300 km. [about 180 miles].

coolbert.