This is coolbert:
As originally reported by the DEBKAfile:
January 28, 2013 Briefs:
"Fleeing Islamists burn priceless Timbuktu library
"
"As French-led Malian troops captured the airport of the world heritage town of Timbuktu Monday, fleeing Islamists set fire to the Baba Ahmed Institution and its priceless ancient manuscripts"
The actions of the savage, the barbarian, the callous and unfeeling conqueror. Destroying those manuscripts and archives, the scholarship as accumulated from medieval times, the very essence of civilization and learning put to the torch, arson of a horrific nature.
Ancient manuscripts as might have been found at the University of Timbuktu in the medieval period. Students from all parts of Saharan Africa being able to avail themselves of a level of scholarship at least equal [?] to the learning as would have been found during the same period at Oxford, Cambridge, the Sorbonne, Bologna, Salamanca.
"The University of Timbuktu was a medieval university in Mali, West Africa . . . During its zenith, the university at Timbuktu had an average attendance of around 25,000 students within a city of around 100,000 people."
The retreating jihadists behaving in the manner of the Mongol at Baghdad [1258], the German at Leuven [1914]. The library in a purposeful manner during a time of war a target for arson, manuscripts and archives totally destroyed, lost forever. That form of destruction a very ancient tradition most regrettable!
That damage however, does not seem to be as bad as might be expected. Precautions evidently taken in advance, the danger realized far in advance and measures taken to protect the manuscripts and archives. SOME items lost, but the bulk saved! So it seems.
"Timbuktu Locals Saved Some of City’s Ancient Manuscripts from Islamists"
"the center’s collection of about 40,000 ancient manuscripts, some of the 300,000 or so historic documents stashed in libraries in Timbuktu and the villages around it, mostly as family heirlooms.
Realizing that the documents might be prime targets for pillaging or vindictive attacks from Islamic extremists, staff left behind just a small portion of them, perhaps out of haste, but also to conceal the fact that the center had been deliberately emptied"
To what extent these jihadi in Mali are Salafist I am not sure. And to what extent there was religious motivation for the torching of the archives and manuscripts I also cannot say. This was more than anything else a perverse petulance and nothing more? ONLY the perpetrators know for sure.
coolbert.
Monday, February 4, 2013
Sunday, February 3, 2013
Knox & Stimson.
This is coolbert:
It should be understood too that Franklin Roosevelt [FDR] was not above bi-partisanship. Especially in those years just prior to Pearl Harbor, FDR appointing to high level civilian positions within the War Department [before it was called the Department of Defense] prominent Republicans, those in opposition, quite often very vocal opposition for that matter to FDR and his policies.
1. Frank Knox. Secretary of the Navy during World War Two [WW2].
Newspaper reporter, publisher, and newspaper owner. Also a man with a pretty extensive military background, AND IN 1936 THE VICE-PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE ON THE REPUBLICAN TICKET!
"William Franklin "Frank" Knox . . . was an American newspaper editor and publisher. He was also the Republican vice presidential candidate in 1936, and Secretary of the Navy under Franklin D. Roosevelt during most of World War II."
Knox volunteering for military service both during the Spanish-American War [1918] and the Great War [1917].
"During the Spanish-American War, he joined the Army, and served in Cuba with the Theodore Roosevelt's famous Rough Riders, the 1st US Volunteer Cavalry Regiment."
"During World War I, Knox was an advocate of U.S military preparedness and then of participation in the war. When the U.S. declared war on Germany, he rejoined the Army. He reached the rank of Major and served as an artillery officer in France."
"After the war, Knox became a newspaper reporter in Grand Rapids. This was the beginning of a career that included ownership of several papers."
Knox while in the capacity of Secretary of the Navy in constant contact with FDR, again all things naval of intense interest to the President.
"During World War II, Knox again was an advocate of preparedness. As an internationalist, he supported aid to the Allies and opposed isolationism. In July 1940, he became Secretary of the Navy under Franklin D. Roosevelt; the Democratic president sought to create bi-partisan support for his foreign and defense policies following the defeat of France."
"As Secretary, Frank Knox carried out Roosevelt's plan to expand the Navy into a force capable of fighting in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. He traveled extensively to Navy installations worldwide."
2. Henry L. Stimson. Secretary of War on two occasions, prior to WW1 and during WW2. A prominent Republican and a man surely in the political arena in opposition to FDR.
Also a man having a military backgournd and having seen combat during WW1. "Stimson served the regular U.S. Army in France as an artillery officer, reaching the rank of colonel in August 1918."
"Henry Lewis Stimson . . . was an American statesman, lawyer and Republican Party politician and spokesman on foreign policy. He twice served as Secretary of War 1911–1913 under Republican William Howard Taft and 1940–1945, under Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt. In the latter role he was a leading hawk calling for war against Germany. During World War II he took charge of raising and training 13 million soldiers and airmen, supervised the spending of a third of the nation's GDP on the Army and the Air Forces, helped formulate military strategy, and took personal control of building and using the atomic bomb"
It has been suggested by some historians that FDR did have a worthy opponent during the election of 1940 [Wendell Wilkie], and these appointment of Knox and Stimson were in some measure an effort to assuage public opinion and ALSO to create that atmosphere of BI-PARTISANSHIP! Persons such as Knox and Stimson also men of high caliber and intellect and a significant plus to the FDR administration without doubt!
coolbert.
It should be understood too that Franklin Roosevelt [FDR] was not above bi-partisanship. Especially in those years just prior to Pearl Harbor, FDR appointing to high level civilian positions within the War Department [before it was called the Department of Defense] prominent Republicans, those in opposition, quite often very vocal opposition for that matter to FDR and his policies.
1. Frank Knox. Secretary of the Navy during World War Two [WW2].
Newspaper reporter, publisher, and newspaper owner. Also a man with a pretty extensive military background, AND IN 1936 THE VICE-PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE ON THE REPUBLICAN TICKET!
"William Franklin "Frank" Knox . . . was an American newspaper editor and publisher. He was also the Republican vice presidential candidate in 1936, and Secretary of the Navy under Franklin D. Roosevelt during most of World War II."
Knox volunteering for military service both during the Spanish-American War [1918] and the Great War [1917].
"During the Spanish-American War, he joined the Army, and served in Cuba with the Theodore Roosevelt's famous Rough Riders, the 1st US Volunteer Cavalry Regiment."
"During World War I, Knox was an advocate of U.S military preparedness and then of participation in the war. When the U.S. declared war on Germany, he rejoined the Army. He reached the rank of Major and served as an artillery officer in France."
"After the war, Knox became a newspaper reporter in Grand Rapids. This was the beginning of a career that included ownership of several papers."
Knox while in the capacity of Secretary of the Navy in constant contact with FDR, again all things naval of intense interest to the President.
"During World War II, Knox again was an advocate of preparedness. As an internationalist, he supported aid to the Allies and opposed isolationism. In July 1940, he became Secretary of the Navy under Franklin D. Roosevelt; the Democratic president sought to create bi-partisan support for his foreign and defense policies following the defeat of France."
"As Secretary, Frank Knox carried out Roosevelt's plan to expand the Navy into a force capable of fighting in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. He traveled extensively to Navy installations worldwide."
2. Henry L. Stimson. Secretary of War on two occasions, prior to WW1 and during WW2. A prominent Republican and a man surely in the political arena in opposition to FDR.
Also a man having a military backgournd and having seen combat during WW1. "Stimson served the regular U.S. Army in France as an artillery officer, reaching the rank of colonel in August 1918."
"Henry Lewis Stimson . . . was an American statesman, lawyer and Republican Party politician and spokesman on foreign policy. He twice served as Secretary of War 1911–1913 under Republican William Howard Taft and 1940–1945, under Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt. In the latter role he was a leading hawk calling for war against Germany. During World War II he took charge of raising and training 13 million soldiers and airmen, supervised the spending of a third of the nation's GDP on the Army and the Air Forces, helped formulate military strategy, and took personal control of building and using the atomic bomb"
It has been suggested by some historians that FDR did have a worthy opponent during the election of 1940 [Wendell Wilkie], and these appointment of Knox and Stimson were in some measure an effort to assuage public opinion and ALSO to create that atmosphere of BI-PARTISANSHIP! Persons such as Knox and Stimson also men of high caliber and intellect and a significant plus to the FDR administration without doubt!
coolbert.
CBY-3.
From a comment to the blog by Dan:
"Since you are enamored with the great satan , FDR, did you know he killed a really great type of plane because of politics: the planes of Vincent Justus Burnelli and his Lifting body concept. Burnelli had the misfortune to have (Arthur?) Pew as one of his backers, a person who was a Republican player."
Thanks Dan and this aeronautical engineer Vincent Justus Burnelli was indeed an innovator. His interest in the flying wing and lifting body not totally unique but Burnelli furthering the concept with actual flying prototypes of some significant capability.
"Burnelli had a lifelong career devoted to exploiting the advantages of the lifting body airfoil concept that characterized many of his earlier aircraft designs."
"Flying wing/Lifting body"
"Burnelli was one of the first American designers to capitalize on the 'flying wing' mystique . . . His goal was to develop a more efficient airplane that could carry a large payload. Although Burnelli referred to his lifting body transports as 'flying wings', his production aircraft invariably retained some kind of a tail, frequently supported by upswept booms that extended rearward. More accurately, Burnelli had a 'lifting body' design, rather than a true 'flying wing' where all major aeronautical components are housed within the wing."
NOT a flying wing as that concept generally understood. An aircraft with a more or less conventional appearance but having a aerodynamically designed fuselage, LIFT added in the process to the entire assemblage. THE LIFTING BODY!
That most successful design of Burnelli the CBY-3. A transport able to out-muscle and out-perform the vaunted DC-3.
"The Burnelli CBY-3 Loadmaster was an unconventional transport aircraft"
The CBY-3 able to carry MORE cargo and take off with a shorter run! Better! It is not without reason the CBY-3 was called the LOADMASTER!
"The CBY-3 'lifting fuselage' was an evolution of the earlier Burnelli UB-14. Burnelli worked as a designer at Canadian Car and Foundry (CanCar) in Montreal, and the CBY-3 was intended for bush operations in northern Canada. The sole prototype was extensively tested but failed to gain a production contract."
Roosevelt [FDR] again considered by many to be a dilettante who dabbled in matters for which he had no expertise.With regard to the military FDR favored the navy, being a patrician blue-blood with yachting experience AND reminding one and all that he [FDR] understood war, having visited on one occasion the front during the Great War, firing a single round from an artillery piece and smelling the carcass of a dead horse. You take it from there!
coolbert.
Diesel/Electric.
This is coolbert:
Thanks to the original comment and tip from Sven we have a listing of some of those very quiet diesel/electric submarines the capability of which is to remain undetected [?] from the most current American passive sonar systems. "Run Silent Run Deep" literally so!
1. German Type 212 class.
"The German Type 212 class . . . is a highly advanced design of non-nuclear submarine (U-boat). . . It features diesel propulsion and an additional air-independent propulsion (AIP) system using Siemens proton exchange membrane (PEM) hydrogen fuel cells. The submarine can operate at high speed on diesel power or switch to the AIP system for silent slow cruising, staying submerged for up to three weeks without surfacing and with no exhaust heat. The system is also said to be vibration-free, extremely quiet and virtually undetectable."
2. Swedish Gotland class.
"The Gotland class submarines of the Swedish Navy are modern diesel-electric submarines . . . They are the first submarines in the world to feature a Stirling engine air-independent propulsion (AIP) system, which extends their underwater endurance from a few days to weeks."
"While submerged, the Kockums-built Stirling engine Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system is used to drive a 75 kilowatts (101 shp) generator for either propulsion or charging the batteries."
3. French Scorpène class.
"The Scorpène class submarines are a class of diesel-electric attack submarine jointly developed by the French DCN and the Spanish company Navantia and now by DCNS. It features diesel propulsion and an additional air-independent propulsion (AIP)."
"The French MESMA (Module d'Energie Sous-Marine Autonome) system is being offered by the French shipyard DCN for the Scorpène class submarines. It is essentially a modified version of their nuclear propulsion system with heat being generated by ethanol and oxygen. A conventional steam turbine power plant powered by steam generated from the combustion of ethanol (grain alcohol) and stored oxygen at a pressure of 60 atmospheres."
4. Russian Lada class.
The Russian Navy's Project 677 Lada-class submarine (Russian: Лада) is a class designed by the Russian Rubin Design Bureau . . . [this is] A program to develop a 'fourth generation' diesel-electric submarine, it aimed to produce a highly improved version of the Project 636 Kilo class with much quieter, new combat systems, and possibly air-independent propulsion.
The Lada class similar to the nuclear Alfa class in that it primarily acts as a "test bed" for the latest and greatest technologies, diesel/electric of the quietest and most hard-to-detect variety.
AND LADA TO BE EXPORTED!
"Russia will sell four Lada class submarines to the PLA [Chinese communists] under the direct order of President Vladimir Putin, according to Moscow-based newspaper Kommersant on Dec. 20. 2012.."
The U.S. Navy currently has ZERO of the quiet diesel/electric boats and has NONE contemplated, that decision to go nuclear and stay nuclear having been made a long time ago!
coolbert.
Thanks to the original comment and tip from Sven we have a listing of some of those very quiet diesel/electric submarines the capability of which is to remain undetected [?] from the most current American passive sonar systems. "Run Silent Run Deep" literally so!
1. German Type 212 class.
"The German Type 212 class . . . is a highly advanced design of non-nuclear submarine (U-boat). . . It features diesel propulsion and an additional air-independent propulsion (AIP) system using Siemens proton exchange membrane (PEM) hydrogen fuel cells. The submarine can operate at high speed on diesel power or switch to the AIP system for silent slow cruising, staying submerged for up to three weeks without surfacing and with no exhaust heat. The system is also said to be vibration-free, extremely quiet and virtually undetectable."
2. Swedish Gotland class.
"The Gotland class submarines of the Swedish Navy are modern diesel-electric submarines . . . They are the first submarines in the world to feature a Stirling engine air-independent propulsion (AIP) system, which extends their underwater endurance from a few days to weeks."
"While submerged, the Kockums-built Stirling engine Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system is used to drive a 75 kilowatts (101 shp) generator for either propulsion or charging the batteries."
3. French Scorpène class.
"The Scorpène class submarines are a class of diesel-electric attack submarine jointly developed by the French DCN and the Spanish company Navantia and now by DCNS. It features diesel propulsion and an additional air-independent propulsion (AIP)."
"The French MESMA (Module d'Energie Sous-Marine Autonome) system is being offered by the French shipyard DCN for the Scorpène class submarines. It is essentially a modified version of their nuclear propulsion system with heat being generated by ethanol and oxygen. A conventional steam turbine power plant powered by steam generated from the combustion of ethanol (grain alcohol) and stored oxygen at a pressure of 60 atmospheres."
4. Russian Lada class.
The Russian Navy's Project 677 Lada-class submarine (Russian: Лада) is a class designed by the Russian Rubin Design Bureau . . . [this is] A program to develop a 'fourth generation' diesel-electric submarine, it aimed to produce a highly improved version of the Project 636 Kilo class with much quieter, new combat systems, and possibly air-independent propulsion.
The Lada class similar to the nuclear Alfa class in that it primarily acts as a "test bed" for the latest and greatest technologies, diesel/electric of the quietest and most hard-to-detect variety.
AND LADA TO BE EXPORTED!
"Russia will sell four Lada class submarines to the PLA [Chinese communists] under the direct order of President Vladimir Putin, according to Moscow-based newspaper Kommersant on Dec. 20. 2012.."
The U.S. Navy currently has ZERO of the quiet diesel/electric boats and has NONE contemplated, that decision to go nuclear and stay nuclear having been made a long time ago!
coolbert.
ACTUV.
The RISE of the machines!!
Surface naval vessel a drone with formidable capability sans organic combat firepower [at least not yet]!
The ACTUV. "Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel (ACTUV)".
A drone surface naval vessel designed specifically to negate the threat of the very quiet diesel/electric submarine of the most advanced class. A drone with the mission to trail, "track", "follow", "shadow", and "stalk" those very quiet diesel/electric boats of the most advanced design. The most modern diesel/electric submarines perhaps relatively impervious to detection by the current anti-submarine warfare sonar [active and passive both] as available to the American navy?
ACTUV only one-sixth [1/6] the size of a conventional naval vessel, unmanned, able to operate more or less autonomously for up to three months at a time!! THE ACTUV PROTOTYPE TO BE SAILING AND TAKING TO THE HIGH SEAS WITHIN LESS THAT THREE YEARS NOW!!
And that cost of the ACTUV as compared to a conventional naval warship CHEAP!
Adversary diesel/electric submarines to be acquired and designated by ordinary under-sea warfare methods, the ACTUV then trailing at a distance, keeping in constant contact with the foe without taking hostile action [not able to assume a hostile stance].
From a variety of web sites including DARPA we have the latest dope.
"Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel (ACTUV) "
"The Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel (ACTUV) is developing an unmanned vessel optimized to robustly track quiet diesel electric submarines."
"Operational prototype at-sea testing is expected in mid-2015."
DARPA even inviting the general public to participate in naval anti-submarine warfare [ASW] simulations using a downloaded software a plug-in or adjunct to the "Dangereous Waters" ASW game. This is the RISE OF THE COMPUTER WARGAMERS!
"ACTUV Tactics Simulator Page"
"CAN YOU COME UP WITH A WAY TO KEEP TRACK OF ELUSIVE SUBMARINES THAT HAS NEVER BEEN THOUGHT OF BEFORE?"
"CAN YOU OUTSMART AN ENEMY SUBMARINE COMMANDER AND KEEP HIM FROM ESCAPING INTO THE DEEP?"
"DOWNLOAD AND PLAY THE ACTUV TACTICS SIMULATOR AND SUBMIT YOUR RESULTS TO DARPA TO HELP DEVELOP THE FUTURE OF ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE."
This is the ACTUV as originally conceptualized? Like an iceberg seven-eights [7/8] of the "ship" under the water!
"DARPA’s Next Sub Hunter Won’t Need Us Puny Humans"
"the ACTUV will be able to travel up to 3000km from its base, lurk around an area of ocean for up to a month, then pick up and trail a hostile sub over another 30 day stretch."
This is the SAIC concept of the ACTUV with artists conception. The ship with the two outriggers for stability even in the roughest seas and also those outriggers having sonar housings?
"SAIC Concept for the ACTUV was selected by DARPA for the autonomous ASW ..."
"human control is only required as the drone enters and exits a busy port. The ACTUV is expected to function for 60 to 90 days in rough to very rough seas, before returning to refuel and receive any repairs."
And from Gizmag see the gallery of images from which you can get a better handle as to how this warship will appear and function:
"DARPA's sub-hunting drone appears in concept video"
The ACTUV the mission of which according to the press releases to track , "follow", and "stalk" those most quiet diesel/electric submarines of the most advanced type. Very quiet submersibles, American conventional ASW sonar [passive for the most part] NO LONGER having a technological edge but now a DEFICIT?
Perhaps ACTUV is a response to the air-independent-propulsion [AIP] submarines of the GOTLAND class? Having leased a GOTLAND [with Swedish crew] and participated in naval maneuvers and war-games with the GOTLAND, it has become apparent to American naval planners that the AIP type sub is a formidable challenge to U.S. naval supremacy for which there IS CURRENTLY NO REMEDY?
coolbert.
Friday, February 1, 2013
Autogyro.
This is coolbert:
Here from the Al Nofi StrategyPage CIC # 356:
"In addition to pressing for the adoption of the escort carrier on the eve of World War II, F.D.R. [President Roosevelt] also proposed that they be equipped with autogiros, an early type of rotary-wing aircraft, which he believed might be useful in anti-submarine operations, an idea that was rather ahead of its time."
The autogyro! And aircraft design in those years prior to World War Two [WW2] that seemed to be promising but for whatever reason or combination of reasons never seemed to come to fruition.
That autogyro sans wings the rotor providing lift but not directly powered by the conventional propeller driven engine. A STOL [short-takeoff-landing] airplane. That rotor freely rotating in contrast to a helicopter where the rotor is directly connected to the engine!
Surprisingly so, there were in those years prior to 1939 and during the war indeed some autogyro having a military applicability amongst the various combatants however limited in scope. This is all new to me!
"Autogyros in 1940. No.529 RAF Squadron at RAF Halton were also equipped Avro Rota Mk1s to be used to assist the new Secret Radar Sites to calibrate their equipment. The were instructed to fly out to a known distance and height. The Radar operators could then use their position to tune their equipment to make it more accurate at spotting enemy bombers and fighter approaching the South Coast of England during the Battle of Britain."
That reputation of Roosevelt [FDR] as a dilettante a person involving himself in matters for which he had only a basic or very superficial knowledge, a dabbler especially interested in naval matters.
coolbert.
Here from the Al Nofi StrategyPage CIC # 356:
"In addition to pressing for the adoption of the escort carrier on the eve of World War II, F.D.R. [President Roosevelt] also proposed that they be equipped with autogiros, an early type of rotary-wing aircraft, which he believed might be useful in anti-submarine operations, an idea that was rather ahead of its time."
The autogyro! And aircraft design in those years prior to World War Two [WW2] that seemed to be promising but for whatever reason or combination of reasons never seemed to come to fruition.
That autogyro sans wings the rotor providing lift but not directly powered by the conventional propeller driven engine. A STOL [short-takeoff-landing] airplane. That rotor freely rotating in contrast to a helicopter where the rotor is directly connected to the engine!
Surprisingly so, there were in those years prior to 1939 and during the war indeed some autogyro having a military applicability amongst the various combatants however limited in scope. This is all new to me!
British Avro Rota Mk1 Cierva Autogiro C30A
"Autogyros in 1940. No.529 RAF Squadron at RAF Halton were also equipped Avro Rota Mk1s to be used to assist the new Secret Radar Sites to calibrate their equipment. The were instructed to fly out to a known distance and height. The Radar operators could then use their position to tune their equipment to make it more accurate at spotting enemy bombers and fighter approaching the South Coast of England during the Battle of Britain."
Soviet Kamov A-7, autogyro-spotter.
"Kellett XR-3 modification of YG-1B (KD-1) of U.S. Army preserved at Yanks Air Museum, Chino airfield California, in January 2008". American military autogyro from those years prior to Pearl Harbor. In both "X" and "Y" versions. X for experimental and Y for prototype!
Japanese Kayaba Ka-1. The ka-1 actually used in the purpose of anti-submarine warfare airplane during WW2 in exactly the type of mission as envisioned by FDR. ONLY in a very limited manner but reputedly sinking at least one American submarine during the war.
That reputation of Roosevelt [FDR] as a dilettante a person involving himself in matters for which he had only a basic or very superficial knowledge, a dabbler especially interested in naval matters.
coolbert.
USS Guardian.
This is coolbert:
Thanks to Harry and Sharkhunters we have the follow up on the grounding of the U.S. naval minesweeper USS Guardian.
As originally reported in a prior blog entry.
"USS Guardian - That is the US Navy minesweeper that ran aground off the Philippines two weeks ago, not only destroying the ship but the career of the Skipper as well. The Navy has decided that it is more economically feasible to cut up the ship where she lies grounded than to try to remove and repair her. Another class of ship is coming on line soon to replace the minesweepers. This new class of ship is multi-purpose and can be fitted out as a minesweeper if needed, while a minesweeper is pretty much a minesweeper only."
This other class of ship coming "on line soon" a multi-faceted vessel able to perform a variety of functions. That class however I am not familiar with.
This is a big disaster for all concerned for which there is no amelioration - - the Guardian gone with the wind [the tide actually] and now headed for the scrap yard. Damage to the delicate reef areas of the Sulu Sea from leaking oil and other fluids I would have to think intense too.
coolbert.
Thanks to Harry and Sharkhunters we have the follow up on the grounding of the U.S. naval minesweeper USS Guardian.
As originally reported in a prior blog entry.
"USS Guardian - That is the US Navy minesweeper that ran aground off the Philippines two weeks ago, not only destroying the ship but the career of the Skipper as well. The Navy has decided that it is more economically feasible to cut up the ship where she lies grounded than to try to remove and repair her. Another class of ship is coming on line soon to replace the minesweepers. This new class of ship is multi-purpose and can be fitted out as a minesweeper if needed, while a minesweeper is pretty much a minesweeper only."
This other class of ship coming "on line soon" a multi-faceted vessel able to perform a variety of functions. That class however I am not familiar with.
This is a big disaster for all concerned for which there is no amelioration - - the Guardian gone with the wind [the tide actually] and now headed for the scrap yard. Damage to the delicate reef areas of the Sulu Sea from leaking oil and other fluids I would have to think intense too.
coolbert.
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