Expenditure.

This is coolbert:

From www.strategypage.com the first two paragraphs copied in entirety. The topic logistics nightmare of modern warfare. Expenditure of war stocks and war munitions occurs at a more higher rate and anticipated.

"Logistics: What NATO Learned From Ukraine"

"September 1, 2022: NATO [has and is] learned many valuable lessons from supporting Ukrainian forces fighting the Russian invaders. The most important lesson was that the new NATO members in eastern Europe were correct about Russian aggression and efforts to rebuild the Russian empire that dissolved in 1991. Ukraine was not a NATO member but wanted to be one and that was the main reason Russia invaded Ukraine, to keep it out of NATO as well as the first former components of the Soviet Union to be reabsorbed into Russia."

"Other lessons were often simply repeats of past wisdom that had been ignored. This was mainly about underestimating the speed with which more key weapons and munitions would have to be produced. This was demonstrated during the 1973 Arab-Israeli war when everyone underestimated the speed at which modern weapons and munitions would be used or lost in a modern war. Israel pointed out that this problem was often ignored or played down because a solution was politically difficult and expensive. This problem is now harder to ignore."

NATO constituent members providing war munitions to the Ukrainian at such a rate to deplete their own as determined and stockpiled armaments. War stocks being consumed and diminished at a staggering rate.

The Ukrainian insisting they need a DAILY supply of five-hundred each Stinger MANPAD and JAVELIN anti-tank guided-missiles to sustain combat operations.

NATO partners also their bang-stuff munitions reduced and diminished to alarming levels.

NONE of those war-making materials going to be easy or cheap to replace. Nations when not a war-footing with factories/assembly plants not abuzz with frenzied activity are going to need to ramp-up production and big time. At great cost obviously.

coolbert.